Navigation and body orientation based on the celestial polarization pattern are predicted to be limited to shallow waters as well, while navigation based on the solar position is possible through a deeper range.

Based on these measurements, we predict that polarization sensitivity will be most useful for short-range (in the order of meters)visual tasks in water and less so for detecting objects, signals, or structures from far away. In the relatively clear waters surrounding coral reefs, partial (%) polarization decreased exponentially as a function of distance from the target, resulting in a 50%reduction of partial polarization at a distance of 1.25–3 m, depending on water quality. Using newly designed polarization sensors, we measured the changes in linear polarization underwater as a function of distance from a standard target. In such tasks, the distance to which the polarization information propagates is of great importance. Many polarization-sensitive marine animals take advantage of the polarization information, using it for tasks ranging from navigation and finding food to communication. The natural light field is partially polarized throughout the photic range, and some objects and animals produce a polarization pattern of their own. Partially linearly polarized light is abundant in the oceans.

Light intensity polarization equation